Habitat Mosaics of Sand Steppes and Forest-Steppes in the Ipoly Valley in Hungary

The present study focuses on the mosaic-like occurrences of patches steppes and fore-steppes in Pannonian forest-steppe zone. We current vegetation, which is maintained including by human landscape use, i.e., grazing mowing. area complex for this reason it shows changes differences vegetation more diversely. wanted to answer questions: Do sand forest-steppes occur Ipoly Valley what location? What kind environmental effects influence species composition these areas? Besides classic habitat mapping, are satellite data from Sentinel-2A useful distinction different Comparison was based Hungarian classification system (ÁNÉR). Based images, quantile Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used comparison. result, water bodies urban areas clearly distinguishable other natural habitats. In some types, we found visible differences, such as grasslands, sandy steppe meadows shrubby, woody patches. Sandy mainly grows calcareous soils, appear be raised alluvials past islands reefs. From open continuous closed types grow lithosoils. New discovered. along Valley, grasslands found, where northernmost known type are. common grassland species, also contains herbs that typical loess-grasslands grazing, similarly eastern area. This can when maintaining appearance diversity vegetation.